Medical Research Center

Limbrel (flavocoxid) provides a way of managing the metabolic aspects of osteoarthritis through prescription medical food that is widely supported by proprietary, primary as well third party scientific and medical research. Listed below are many key publications supporting Limbrel’s safety and effectiveness as well as its mode of action. Publications that demonstrate the importance of Limbrel’s product class (flavonoids) and related interest are also provided.

Flavocoxid/Ingredients
Ingredients Class (flavonoids)
Mechanism of Action
Other Articles of Interest
Directions: Please click on each article title below to access the published abstracts or full text online. If your browser’s pop-up blocker is enabled, please hold down the “Ctrl” key while clicking on the article titles.

Flavocoxid/Ingredients

Sampalis JS, et al. Evaluation and Comparison of the Safety and Efficacy of UP446 and Celecoxib for the Management of Pain in Patients with Osteoarthritis. Pending publication. Data on file.

Silva S, et al. Safety of UP446, a Naturally Derived, Dual Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Inhibitor. Pending publication. Data on file.

Shieh DE, Liu LT, Lin CC.
Antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects of baicalein, baicalin and wogonin.
Anticancer Res. 2000;20(5A):2861-5.

Butenko IG, Gladtchenko SV, and Galushko SV.
Anti-inflammatory properties and inhibition of leukotriene C4 biosynthesis in vitro by flavonoid baicalein from Scutellaria baicalensis georgy roots.
Agents Actions. 1993;39 Spec No:C49-51.

Chou TC, Chang LP, Li CY, Wond CS, and Yang SP.
The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of baicalin in carrageenan-evoked thermal hyperalgesia.
Anesth Analg. 2003;97:1724-9.

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Ingredients Class (flavonoids)

Middleton E, Jr..
Effect of plant flavonoids on immune and inflammatory cell function.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1998;439:175-82.

Ferrandiz ML and Alcaraz MJ.
Anti-inflammatory activity and inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism by flavonoids.
Agents Actions. 1991;32(3-4):283-8.

Manthey JA.
Biological properties of flavonoids pertaining to inflammation.
Microcirculation. 2000;7(6 Pt 2):S29-34.

Middleton E, Jr., Kandaswami C, and Theoharides TC.
The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer.
Pharmacol Rev. 2000;52(4):673-751.

Middleton E. Jr., and Kandaswami C.
Effects of flavonoids on immune and inflammatory cell functions.
Biochem Pharmacol. 1992;43(6):1167-79.

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Mechanism of Action

Martel-Pelletier J, Lajeunesse D, Reboul P, and Pelletier J-P.
Therapeutic role of dual inhibitors of 5-LOX and COX, selective and non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62(6):501-9.

Laufer S.
Osteoarthritis therapy – are there still unmet needs?
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2004;43:I9-I15.

Leval X, Julemon TF, Delarge J, Pirotte B, and Dogne JM.
New trends in dual 5-LOX/COX inhibition.
Curr Med Chem. 2002;9(9):941-62.

Laufer S.
Role of eicosanoids in structural degradation in osteoarthritis.
Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2003;15(5):623-7.

Henrotin YE, Bruckner P, and Pujol JP.
The role of reactive oxygen species in homeostasis and degradation of cartilage.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2003;11(10):747-55.

Henrotin Y, Kurz B, and Aigner T.
Oxygen and reactive oxygen species in cartilage degradation: friends or foes?
Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2005 Aug;13(8):643-54.

Charlier C. and Michaux C.
Dual inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) as a new strategy to provide safer non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Eur J Med Chem. 2003;38(7-8):645-59.

Hinz B, Brune K.
Pain and osteoarthritis: new drugs and mechanisms.
Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2004 Sep;16(5):628-33.

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Other Articles of Interest

Martin K, Lethbridhe-Cejku M, Muller DC, Elahi D, Andres R, Tobin JD, and Hochberg MC.
Metabolic correlates of obesity and radiographic features of knee osteoarthritis: data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.
J Rheumatol. 1997;24(4):702-7.

Calder PC.
Dietary modification of inflammation with lipids.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2002 Aug;61(3):345-58.

Tall JM and Raja SN.
Dietary constituents as novel therapies for pain.
Clin J Pain. 2004;20(1):19-26.

Mili F, Helmick CG, and Zack MM.
Prevalence of arthritis: analysis of data from the US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1996-99.
J Rheumatol. 2002;29(9):1981-8.

Lamers RJ, DeGroot J, Spies-Faber EJ, Jellema RH, Kraus VB, Verzijl N, TeKoppele JM, Spijksma GK, Vogels JT, van der Greef J, van Nesselrooij JH.
Identification of disease- and nutrient-related metabolic fingerprints in osteoarthritic Guinea pigs.
J Nutr. 2003 Jun;133(6):1776-80.

Jordan JM, Luta G, Stabler T, Renner JB, Dragomir AD, Vilim V, Hochberg MC, Helmick CG, Kraus VB.
Ethnic and sex differences in serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein: the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project.
Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Mar;48(3):675-81.

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